Conclusion: While optical modules remain critical for long-distance, hyperscale connectivity, the newest generation of compute chips is increasingly designed to bypass standalone optical modules, relying on integrated interconnects and co-packaged solutions to achieve the bandwidth. Conclusion: While optical modules remain critical for long-distance, hyperscale connectivity, the newest generation of compute chips is increasingly designed to bypass standalone optical modules, relying on integrated interconnects and co-packaged solutions to achieve the bandwidth. Not all communication requires large optical modules: Thus, for many next-generation AI and HPC chips, optical modules are not strictly necessary unless long-distance or hyperscale inter-rack connectivity is required. Cost, Power, and Complexity Considerations Optical modules increase cost. In this paper, we explore what comes after the successful migration to optical interconnects, as with this inefficiency solved, the main source of energy consumption will be electronic digital computing, memory and electro-optical conversion. Our approach attempts to address all these issues by. The idea of optical computing—the use of photons instead of electrons to perform computational operations—has been around for decades.