Calculation formula: IL = -10 lg (Pout / Pin), Pout is the output optical power, and Pin is the input optical power. The smaller the value of the IL, the better the performance. For example, an insertion loss of 0. Because of the high volume production process, testing for insertion loss must be fast, accurate and non-destructive. In the very simply circulating system used in this example the first. Even though vendors try to simplify the task of calculating maximum fiber distances and signal losses, in reality vendors do not typically have all of the variables (fiber characteristics, number of splices and other physical parameters) necessary to accurately provide such distance and loss. Kinetic pressure loss For most applications, kinetic losses are minimal and can be ignored. Thus, the equation that describes the overall pressure losses can be expressed as the sum of two terms: The phrases "pressure loss," "pressure drop," and "pressure difference" can be used interchangeably. 4: Calculation of Laval nozzle. Minor losses are the energy losses due to fittings, valves, bends, entrances, exits, and other components besides the straight pipe section itself.